Pleural Diseases: Emerging Trends in Pulmonary Medicine
The pleura are twin layers of serous membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. Any disease affecting these membranes or the pleural space between them can be considered a pleural disease. Some of the most common pleural diseases include pleurisy, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, mesothelioma and tuberculosis. This article discusses several important pleural conditions, their causes, symptoms and treatment
options.
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Pleurisy
Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the pleural membranes. It usually occurs as a result of pneumonia or pulmonary embolism but can also be seen in rheumatic diseases. The most prominent symptoms are chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Physical examination may reveal decreased breath sounds on the affected side. Pleurisy is generally not life-threatening and treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories or other medications depending on the condition.